Recycling waste by manufacturing biomaterial for environmental engineering: Application to dye removal

There are several disposal and governance difficulties due to rapid bio-waste growth. Therefore, recycling repurposing them for environmental purposes is garnering increasing attention. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) followed by phosphoric acid activation was used in this investigation synthesize a novel activated hydrochar (AHPP) from pomegranate peels. X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray Brunauer, Emmett Teller (BET) surface area analysis Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) pore size distribution, pH of zero charge were exploited define the characteristics AHPP, which then assess uptake Basic Red 46 (BR46) dye batch mode. Isothermal kinetic investigations accomplished = 6, 0.5 g.L−1 adsorbent, 400 rpm at 298 K upon 60 min. The Freundlich model accurately presented equilibrium curves an adsorption capacity 998.95 mg g−1, while PSO adequately corresponded experimental data. Furthermore, thermodynamic data disclosed that process spontaneous, endothermic, linked growing disorder adsorbent-adsorbate interface. Lastly, reuse using HCl ascertained AHPP might be recycled ten times, whereas probable mechanism proffered. Overall, it possible conclude generated peels as cost-effective waste could employed alternative sorbent dining substantial effluents retaining BR46.